Sedimentometric Practices Guide (Carvalho et al., 2014)
BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY REGULATORY AGENCY
Hydrologic Studies and Information Department – SIH
SEDIMENTOMETRIC PRACTICES GUIDE
Newton de Oliveira Carvalho
Civil Engineer – DSC
Consultor in Hydrossedimentology
Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil
Naziano Pantoja Filizola Júnior
Geologist – Master Sci. and Doctor
Federal University of Amazonas
Manaus, AM - Brazil
Paulo Marcos Coutinho dos Santos
Geologist
ANA – National Agency for Water
Brasília, DF - Brazil
Jorge Enoch Furquim Werneck Lima
Agron. Engineer – Master Sci. and Doctor
EMBRAPA – CERRADOS
Brasília, DF - Brazil
Brasilia, DF – 2000
Revised – English version - 2014
Note – This booklet in English is a version to English of the original one named Guia de Práticas Sedimentométricas written in 2000 for ANEEL, Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica, by the authors mentioned. This new version was revised and actualized.
Ficha catalográfica do material original – versão em Português:
CARVALHO, N.O.; FILIZOLA JÚNIOR, N.P.; SANTOS, P.M.C.; LIMA, J.E.F.W. Guia de práticas sedimentométricas. Brasília: ANEEL. 2000. 154p.
BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY REGULATORY AGENCY - ANEEL Hydrologic Studies and Information Department - SIH
Brasilia, DF – September/2000
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SEDIMENTOMETRIC PRACTICES GUIDE
SUMMARY
1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 6
2. The relevance of the Fluvial Sedimentology Study ...............…....................... 6
3. Fluvial sedimentology and the “Rocks Cycle”................….............................. 8
3.1 Sediment load and sediment discharge........................................................ 10
4. Sedimentometry................................................................................................. 11
4.1 Sedimentometric Network planning……………. ..................................... 13
4.1.1 Definition of the network type and sites to be monitored..................... 14
4.1.2 Gaging stations installation and sampling frequency…....................... 16
4.1.3 Measurement methods………………………....................................... 17
4.1.4 Sampling techniques and type of equipment…………………………. 19
4.2 Sedimentometric network operation.......................................................... 21
4.2.1 Sampling Techniques................…........................................................ 22
a) Suspended material sampling...........…................................................ 22
b) Bed material sampling.......................................................................... 30
c) Direct measurement of bed discharge.................................................... 31
d) Large rivers sampling ........…............................................................... 31
4.2.2 Definition of proper material .......................................................….. 31
4.2.3 Definition of equipment during sampling....................………………. 32
a) Equipment for suspended sample...................................................... 33
b) Equipment for bed material sample.................................................... 37
4.2.4 Equipment calibration............. ............................................................. 39
4.2.5 Equipment maintenance...................................................................... 40
4.2.6 New equipment for suspended sediment.............................................. 41
4.2.7 New equipment for bed sediments...................................................... 45
4.2.8 New laboratorial equipment.................................................................. 46
4.2.9 Special care with field sampling…....................................................... 47
4.3 Laboratorial Analysis..........................…….............................................. 49
4.3.1 Sample delivery and management…................................…............... 50
4.3.2 Kinds and methods of analysis ........................................................... 51
4.3.3 Volume of samples required for analysis…......................................... 54
4.3.4 Limitations for analysis methods….......................……....................... 56
4.3.5 Concentration analysis– filtration and evaporation ............................. 58
a) Filtration method .................................................................................. 59
b) Evaporation method............................................................................. 60
4.3.6 Granulometric analysis of suspended and bed material...................... 61
a) Settling tube – bottom withdrawal tube................................................ 62 b) Pipet…… ............................................................................................ 64 c) Densimeter .......................................................................................... 64 d) Visual accumulation tube .................................................................... 65 e) Sieve………. ....................................................................................... 67 f) Trace and use of granulometric curves................................................ 68 4.4 Gross Data Processing.............................................................................. 69
4.4.1 Data processing and consistency analysis........................................... 69
a) Suspended Sediment Charge............................................................... 71
b) Bed sediment and bed material discharge........................................... 72
c) Bed discharge in direct measures......................................................... 73
d) Bed discharge and bed material discharge in indirect measures.......... 73
e) Total sediment discharge..................................................................... 79
f) Data processing for daily observation...……...................................... 80
g) Data processing for eventual observation………............................... 81
h) Error analysis and consistency analysis…............................................ 82
4.4.2 Data availability (The case of ANEEL)................................................ 85
Bibliography references for consultation............................................................. 89
Glossary of terms, units and symbols….............................................................. 92
Annex.................................................................................................................... 97