CHANSON, H. (2008). "Jean-Baptiste Charles Joseph BÉLANGER (1790-1874), the Backwater Equation and the Bélanger Equation." Hydraulic Model Report No. CH69/08, Div. of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 40 pages (ISBN 9781864999211).(PDF file at UQeSpace)
{http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:159418}

The application of the momentum principle to the hydraulic jump is commonly called the Bélanger equation, but few know that his original treatise was focused on the study of gradually varied open channel flows (BÉLANGER 1828). The originality of BÉLANGER's (1828) essay was the successful development of the backwater equation for steady, one-dimensional gradually-varied flows in an open channel, together with the introduction of the step method, distance calculated from depth, and the concept of critical flow conditions. In 1828, Jean-Baptiste BÉLANGER understood the rapidly-varied nature of the jump flow, but he applied incorrectly the Bernoulli principle to the hydraulic jump. The correct application of momentum considerations to the hydraulic jump flow was derived 10 years later and first published by BÉLANGER (1841). Altogether Jean-Baptiste BÉLANGER's (1828,1841,1849) contributions to modern open channel hydraulics were remarkable and influenced the works by J.A.C. BRESSE, H.P.G. DARCY, A.J.C. BARRÉ de SAINT VENANT, and J.V. BOUSSINESQ.